I Found That My Personality Type - 1738 Words

Getting in touch with your inner personality type can be a very beneficial tool to anyone. After participating in the Jung Typology test, I found that my personality type was ENTJ. After some extensive research into this personality type I found that were a lot of advantages of this personality especially in my line of work but there are also many things I can work on to make myself a better person both in my professional and personal life. One of the interesting things that I noticed with my personality test in particular was that I did not show any real distinct qualities in the four categories, meaning, I had relatively low percentages for most of them. I was a moderate extravert with slight partiality to intuition, thinking and†¦show more content†¦Step 1 Extravert – 44% I think the personality test was spot on in describing me as a pretty moderate extravert. Even though I do enjoy my alone time here and there, I do spend most of my time around other people and that’s how I like it. In my day-to-day job as an instructor pilot, this quality really helps me because I am able to talk easily with my students and teach them the necessary things for them to succeed. I think probably the biggest downfall of my being an extravert is in my personal life. My girlfriend actually teases me that I have problems being alone. I would much rather do things with someone else than on my own. Even simple things like grocery shopping or working out, I would rather have a friend to converse with than do alone. This is right in line with the results of my personality test which said â€Å"ENTJ’s love to interact with people. As Extroverts, they’re energized and stimulated primarily externally.† (Personality Page) Iâ€℠¢ve noticed sometimes that being alone can actually really bother me. I tend to let my mind wander when I am alone with my thoughts and can sometimes even get anxious about certain things. This is one of the things that I really need to work on. iNtuitive – 12% This was the one section of the test that I did not agree with very much. The Meyers Briggs Foundation describes an intuitive person as someone who pays more attention to impressions and patterns in information

The Desire of Love in “A Mercy” Free Essays

â€Å"Love is the irresistible desire to be desired irresistibly. † – Robert Frost The conception of love throughout the novel changes drastically from innocent to a sense of desertion. The way Florence shows her love for the blacksmith illustrates to the reader her inexperience with the emotion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Desire of Love in â€Å"A Mercy† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Love was a pretty difficult topic to write on because of the fact that the novel was narrated by so many different characters from beginning to end. The irony on the basis of love is was basically the fact that the blacksmith doesn’t feel the same way for Florence as she feels for him. Later on in the novel I noticed and finally understood the title of the novel â€Å"A Mercy. † It was simply because of the Love of a human. Illustrated in the concluding paragraphs Morrison states â€Å"It was not a miracle. Bestowed by God. It was a mercy. Offered by a human. † Love is often defined as an intense feeling of deep affection, and the way Florence expressed her love for the blacksmith emphasized her youth not only in age but also with the emotion itself. Florence showed consistent signs of jealously and bitterness because she was able to handle such affection. She was regularly bitter with the thought of her mother giving her away when she was younger, not knowing the reason for her mother’s rational decision. One way Florence showed her jealously was when the blacksmith adopted a young boy and began showing him more attention than he gave Florence. Florence, overtake by jealously and rage got into a physical altercation with the young child and in the end ended up breaking the child’s arm. Florence says in chapter 9 that she didn’t try to hurt the young lad, she just simply wanted him to stop crying, but she also goes on to say how she heard his shoulder crack but continued anyway (164). This is what leads me to think that it was done out of her jealously and rage and not by other less harmful means. The incident not only caused a huge dispute between her and the blacksmith but it also projected to the reader that Florence was unable to accept the fact that the blacksmith could show affection for someone else, other than her. â€Å"You see the boy down and believe bad about me without question? † (165) Florence goes into detail speaking about how the blacksmith came into the room and his immediate assumption was that Florence had did something to harm the boy. The excerpt that I think hurt Florence the most (165) was when he said to her â€Å"You are nothing but wilderness. No constraint. No mind. † Basically telling Florence she is as wild as an outdoor animal and can’t control herself or her emotions. Like a toddler Florence craves independence and attention but yet from the activities that Florence encountered in her past, she also fears desertion. As I stated before, Florence and the blacksmith got into a physical altercation and the blacksmith ended up striking Florence and he abandoned her by telling her to leave the presence of him and his adopted son. Not only did the blacksmith aim to hurt Florence physically but he also attempted to hurt her verbally because after her told her to leave his presence her called her a (166) â€Å"slave by choice in both boy and mind. † In the novel Morrison compares this sense of abandonment to that of a familiar feeling Florence felt when she was given up at birth. Knowing that that event scared Florence negatively for life, it really gives the reader the ability to feel the wrath of the emotional roller coaster Florence is feeling at this point in the novel knowing she just lost a man she cared so deeply about. The love Florence has/had for the blacksmith soon des and turn simply to hatred because she still can’t realize the mistake she made in hurting Malik. Yes in my opinion the blacksmith was wrong for striking her but she was somewhat lucky that that was all he did. (184) Later, on in chapter 11 Florence elaborates more on her closing quotes in chapter 9 which was â€Å"the claws scratch and scratch until the hammer is in my hand† (167). But in chapter 11 Florence gets into another tussle with the blacksmith (184) in which she strikes him with a hammer and cuts him severely with tongs before she runs away. Later on in this chapter and the preceding chapter (195) is where readers learn why the novel is titled â€Å"A Mercy. † The novel is named for Jacobs agreement to save Florence from a life that would have been worse than the one she experience on the Vaarks farm. â€Å"It was Not a miracle bestowed bu God. It was a mercy. Offered by a human† How to cite The Desire of Love in â€Å"A Mercy†, Essay examples

Types of Conflicts

Question: What are the major key points about dealing these types of conflicts? Answer: According to the given scenario prescribed in the case study; some of the staff members of a restraunt are continuously augmenting regarding new roaster that has been posted in the information board. As a part of the management team, there are some major key points about dealing these types of conflicts.As a supervisor of the restaurant the first step for resolving the issue should be the direct communication with the staffs so as to know their point of view regarding the roster posted. The issue can be easily resolved if the supervisor make the staff informed about the benefits of the subject posted, as sometimes there are some issues which may not get clear to the staffs until it is clarified by their supervisor. The above mentioned aspect can be realized if the supervisor simultaneously keeps the positive perception of the staffs aside and convert the negativity of the staffs while clarifying the importance of the roster to them. In addition to this, there are several steps for th e manipulation of the conflicting staffs in the restaurant. The following are the concerned steps for managing the conflicting situation in the restaurant:Motivational aspects with restaurant: The maintenance of the conflicting situations with the restaurant, it is very important to provide proper motivational perspectives to the employees (Moore 2014). In most of the conflicting situation, at the first stage of the conflict the staffs lose their motivational perspective about their workplace, which results into their lack of interest in their work. Focuses on issue rather than on individual in restraunt management: As a supervisor it is very important to focus on problem rather than to focus on staff members (Papenhausen and Parayitam 2015). This improves the solution of the issues and cooperation of the staff members. Encouragement of staff: It is very important to make a certain judgments on staff problems and encourage them to work them out (Day 2015). The supervisor should make them professionally understand that the newly roaster that has been created was for the benefit of the staff members only. Communicative strategies: Communication strategies totally relevant to the resolving process of the conflicts with in the restaurant. Lack of communication or irrelevant communication may cause abrupt situation in the restaurant (Prenzel and Vanclay 2014). As a supervisor, the person should get concerned about the individual perspective of each to get the issues be resolved. Understanding the attributes and behavior in restaurant: Understanding the staff behavior and attitude towards any issue raised with in the restaurant should be the matter of concern to the supervisor (Busch 2016). It is the duty of the supervisor to maintain and manipulate the roaster according to the companys legal and compliances. This will reduce the chances of conflicting situation in the restaurant. Avoidance of blame game: Resolving conflicting situation always need to be based on t he avoidance of the blame game (Mukhtar 2013). As a supervisor, the leader shouldnt blame any staff, rather understanding their issue and by making them understand about the critical situation will help the authority to resolve the situation. Concentration on the problem rather than person: As the supervisor, the person should focus on the issue of conflicting situation (Day 2015). If the supervisor put more focus on individual deciding who is wrong and who is right, it will result into a massive chaos.Creativity and Confidence: The creativity and confidence of the supervisor guides the person while handling the conflicts in the restaurant. Sometimes there are situations, where the lead may get confused with the evolving problematic situations. At that time the creative nature of the person can help him to manage the situation properly. 1. In the first scenario of the prescribed case study, it has been found that is well suited for PACESETTING management style. The pacesetting leade r always set the path from the start and the leader always expects their team to follow them. They always have that attitude of doing things all alone and keep themselves business busy with the everyday activity and do not have time to even interact with their team mates properly. They expect their teammates to follow them (Castro2016). They expect their teammates to get motivated from them and they are managerial experts. 2. The second scenario of the prescribed case study, it describes about the AFFILIATIVE leader who always hang around with their teammates and try to understand their issues and always with team not as a boss but as a teammate. They look to create a bonding among the team and provide a friendly atmosphere to work with their teammates so that they can feel relaxed. They are more tasks focused and always get anxious by looking at other team members working (Pundt and Herrmann 2015). They always like to roll out with their teammates for an example they like to often socialize such as sitting all together for a cup of tea or drinks and having a round table conversations about their personal and professional lives among their teammates. 3. The third scenario of the prescribed case stud, it is well suited for the DIRECTIVE management style. They have bossy kind of an attitude and they always set high st andards and make sure that their teammates also follow the same kind of disciplines for them who do not meet such standards (Walker 2015). They always are proud with their working style and they ask their teammates to perform their task with no extra pay. They always make their teammates work harder and they do not let go anyone for leave until the work is done properly. Sean was the most effective and productive employee of the Pastries Unlimited. He listed some of his aspirations in his memo regarding the strategies for improving the productivity of the organization. In addition to these strategies Sean can add some motivational aspects like incentives and special benefits for the employees which will attract them for giving their full concentration in their work (Cording et al. 2014). All these aspects will help the employees for understanding the visions and giving better productivity toward the organization. the following aspects should be mentioned in the memo: Motivational s trategies should be implemented for the employees Direct communication with the authority should be highlighted Attitudes and behavior of the employees should be improved towards the organizationSean was interested towards making the productivity better of the organization. he was willing to motivate the employees for the improving their attitudes and behavior towards the organization (Samnani and Singh 2014). He was excited to make changes in the work culture of the organization and for this purpose he was writing the memo to inform it to the employees. Sean Strength: In his new supervisory role he often worked over time with no extra pay out. He works positively for completing company special projects. As per the work portfolio management, Sean is more innovative and efficient in the company management department. Apart from these changes, Sean will also work transformable in company production department to increase productivity (Wang and Groth 2014). Sean Weakness: The most high lighted weakness of Sean in this case study is that he get easily excited about his doings for the organization. Though he does hard work for the sake of the organization still he does not demand any extra pay for his doings. Yes, from the above case study, it can be assumed that Sean will be successful in improving the employee attitude towards the company. Sean will be successful in making the employees more motivational and improving their behavior and attitude towards the organization, as he is the most experienced and senior product manager of the organization (Muogbo 2013). This experienced behavior helps him in analyzing the behaviors of the employees and he can easily catch the conflicting situation. Once the conflicting situation is understood then it will be easy for him to manipulate the situation according to the organizational needs. Based on the above case study, the post that Sean has adhered as a Production Department Manager has enough power in any company managemen t. All the necessary subordinates will be working under Sean. He will coordinate and make a flexible working portfolio management and able to work positively. He will definitely try to improve the staff attitude from company management. Apart from these elastically changes, Sean will also work transformable in company production department to increase productivity. Additionally, there are several other judgments that are essential to manipulate the conflicts of restaurant staffs (Mowday et al. 2013). They expect their teammates to get motivated from them and they are managerial experts. They always make their teammates work harder and they do not let go anyone for leave until the work is done properly. References Busch, D., 2016. Conflict Management in Organizations. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism.Castro, R.G., 2016. MANAGEMENT STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY SKILLS: AN ANALYSIS. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences Vol, 4(3).Cording, M., Harrison, J.S., Hoskisson, R.E. and Jonsen, K., 2014. Walking the talk: A multistakeholder exploration of organizational authenticity, employee productivity, and post-merger performance. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(1), pp.38-56.Day, G.E., 2015. Successfully managing conflict. Leading and Managing Health Services: An Australasian Perspective, p.273.Moore, C.W., 2014. The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict. John Wiley Sons.Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013. Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press.Mukhtar, S.A., 2013. ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION: A CONCEPTUAL RELATIONSHIP. International Journal of Management Research and Reviews, 3(5), p.2855.Muogbo, U.S., 2013. The Impact of Employee Motivation On Organisational Performance (A Study Of Some Selected Firms In Anambra State Nigeria).The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2(7), pp.70-80.Papenhausen, C. and Parayitam, S., 2015. Conflict Management Strategies as Moderators in the Antecedents to Affective Conflict and its Influence on Team Effectiveness. Journal of Business and Management, 21(1), p.101.Prenzel, P.V. and Vanclay, F., 2014. How social impact assessment can contribute to conflict management. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 45, pp.30-37.Pundt, A. and Herrmann, F., 2015. Affiliative and aggressive humour in leadership and their relationship to leadermember exchange. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(1), pp.108-125.Samnani, A.K. and Singh, P., 2014. Performance-enhancing compensation practices a nd employee productivity: The role of workplace bullying. Human Resource Management Review, 24(1), pp.5-16.Walker, A., 2015. Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.Wang, K.L. and Groth, M., 2014. Buffering the negative effects of employee surface acting: The moderating role of employeecustomer relationship strength and personalized services. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(2), p.341.

The Legal Environment of Human Resource Management

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the legal environment of human resource management. Here, the paper will discuss various legal issues influencing human resource, as well as the various recommendations to counter those legal issues.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Legal Environment of Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the paper will explore the various rules and laws that govern human resource management including employee ethics. Specifically, the paper will explore discrimination, sexual harassment, and disability as some of the legal issues that need to be considered in human resource management. Introduction Due to the globalized competition and the advancement of technology, most organizations are currently operating in an unpredictable environment. They need to put into consideration the legal environment of human resource management in order to undertake their operations within the scope of recommended legal standards. Indeed, human resource is a very important asset in any organization; therefore, every organization needs to manage it properly. Human resource refers human capital, work force, or talent, which normally includes the skills and knowledge that employees working in a given organization possess (Holton and Trott, 1996). Therefore, human resource management is the process that involves the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and proper management of employees in business enterprises or organizations. In addition, human resource management is wide in scope and includes other functions such as rewarding or compensating employees as well as offering leadership and mentorship programs to employees in accordance to employment and labor laws. This paper will assess and discuss the legal environment of human resource management including issues such as hiring and firing, sexual harassment, employee safety and security, and accommodation.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Legal Environment Human resource was born from the civil or people movements during the early years of 20th century, where scholars started to find ways off creating business worth and value via the use of strategic management of workers. Due to technological changes, environmental differences and global interactions, today’s human resource has evolved to include talent planning, work succession, labor relations and even industrial diversity (Ulrich and Brockbank, 2005). Managers need to understand the legal environment of human resources under which they operate, given that different laws and regulations have different implications to their continued operation. Indeed, this understanding and compliance to legal requirements is mandatory, since human resources are always required to perform all their duties as required by law. Generally, the HR makes decisions based on the following. Firstly, it is important to consider legal issues while hiring employees and the benefits to offer them. Secondly, the human resource must consider accommodation to be offered to employees and the procedure to follow when firing employees. Thirdly, he or she must consider whether to compensate or not, and if so, the policies and procedures to be follow. Other issues to consider include sexual harassment, disabilities, absence from work and workers safety policies. Lastly, the HR should take into consideration the importance of discrimination policy in the organization, as this tends to be a very sensitive issue in human resource management (Jonathan, 2010). There are various changes in law, which have caused human resource personnel to make poor decisions. The next part of this paper will discuss some legal environment issues in human resource, which include, discrimination, sexual harassment , hiring laws, hostile working environment, health conditions, and accommodation policies (Ulrich and Brockbank, 2005). Discrimination Employment discrimination may be described as the practice that involves treating some employees differently or an employee differently from others. This discrimination may be based on gender, race, religion, age, tribe, nationality, or even cases of disability. Here, the persons who face discrimination may be denied employment, promotion, or they may even be demoted without reasonable cause.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Legal Environment of Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Again, discrimination may occur in form of poor working conditions and even failure to accommodate employee who qualify for accommodation due to the reasons of their affiliation. This kind of discrimination is very harmful in an organization, as it tends to break down relationships due to differences and barriers created. Other forms of discrimination occur due to class status, where people are treated based on their assumed class; however, the most common discrimination practices are based on color, race, sex, religion, tribe, and nation of origin. It should be noted that, discrimination is a criminal offence (although this also depends on the country in reference) according to international labour laws. Therefore, managers should avoid discrimination in the work place with the help of the following federal employment laws applicable in the US (Thompson, 2011). First, Civil Rights Act plays a big role in the employment environment as it aims to promote an all-inclusive employment in the US. Indeed, the international labour regulations call for equal treatment of all employees in organizations regardless of their physical, social, economic, or political affiliation or status. Secondly, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act tends to protect peo ple of all ages and especially those above the age of 40 years against being overlooked in employment. This is because most organizations resist employing people of this age in preference of younger people due to a number of reasons, among them being the cost of labour and energy/enthusiasm level. Thirdly, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act is an important legislation that protects pregnant women from discrimination because of their condition in job status, promotion, hiring, and compensation. The Older Workers’ Benefits Protection Act on the other hand tries to give more protection to workers during difficult conditions, especially after retirement when they are too old to access further employment opportunities.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, the Disabilities Act prohibit discrimination against people living with disability in all areas of employment including hiring, promotion, compensation, working conditions among others (Walsh, 2012). It is also important that, when faced with discrimination problems, the human resource managers should first consult legal professionals to provide legal counsel. These may include specialized lawyers and even experts in the employment laws or employment tribunals. Sexual Harassment Every organization is required by labour laws to have a sexual harassment policy that guides its employees on matters of sexual harassment. Generally, illegal sexual harassment is any unacceptable and uninvited sexual advances or actions/words that make the recipient of such actions uncomfortable; it can be either male or female. Indeed, sexual harassment is an illegal activity or a criminal offence punishable by law. When such cases occur in employment, it is important for one to submit to the emplo yment terms and conditions as required by law. This is because such conducts always cause problems in the work place, leading to poor performance and later bringing hostile working environment. It may also lead to loss of talent, as the affected persons may decide to quit because of harassment. Again, it is important for the human resource manager to consider the frequency of such conducts in the work place, as well as the main culprits. In most cases, sexual harassment occurs when sexual favors may be demanded in return for getting or retaining a job or a job-related benefit (Thompson, 2011). However, the Civil Rights Act is very clear on matters of sexual harassment; therefore, any aggrieved party may report or sue under Civil Rights Act. Sexual harassment guidelines are also provided in the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of international labour laws. Accommodation In cases of accommodation, the human resource manager should ensure that proper and reasonable accommodation is giv en to employees for higher work output including provision of hardship allowances. While considering this, the nature of the job and size of the company should also be put into consideration. Again, the workers’ terms of agreement should also be put into consideration, as this cannot be ignored. Here, the Civil Rights Act and Equal Employment Opportunity Act requires â€Å"employers to make reasonable accommodation to facilitate employment of disabled individuals† (Jonathan, 2010), unless there is reasonable cause to show that such a move would have severe and adverse effect on financial position of the employer. Nevertheless, it is important to provide an environment where both the employee and the employer feel comfortable in performing their roles in the organization (Jonathan, 2010). Hiring Employees While hiring employees, it is important to treat all of them equally as provided in the Equal Employment Opportunity Act. The law prohibits discrimination against any person based on their status; indeed, the HR should use merit when hiring employees. Here, the best-qualified candidate should get the job without any bias, even if the candidate is living with disability or she is woman (yet the employer prefers men). Again, age factor should not be used to deny a qualified candidate the job. In addition, job termination and promotions should be done as provided for in the laws. Lastly, when hiring new employees, it may be important to request for proper health records where necessary, but health conditions or body physical appearance should not be used to prevent a qualified candidate from getting the job (Walsh, 2012). Firing of Workers Workers are an important asset in any business firm or organization. Therefore, in cases of their hiring and firing it is important that legal procedures be put in place and be considered prior to firing employees in order to ensure that this process take place effectively and successfully. For example, in cases o f scandals on one of the employees in the work place, it is always important that legal procedures be adhered to while firing them. Again proper legal counsel must be consulted to establish the truth of all the allegations made against the employee in question. Again, when the employee is found to be wrong it is good that his or her firing be done in accordance with the organization’s policy as well as in accordance with both national and international labour laws (Ulrich and Brockbank, 2005). Employees’ Safety and Security All organizations or employers are required by law to provide a safe and conducive working environment to all their employees. This is provided for in the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 commonly known as OSHA Act, which stipulates that all employers need to provide working environments that are free from danger or harm to their employees. In addition, where occupations tend to have high risk of danger, employees are supposed to be provid ed with protective gear at all times they perform their duties. Where employees feel the conditions under which they work are not safe enough, they have an obligation and right to call upon OSHA authorities to come and inspect the premises and environment they work in. Therefore, it is the obligation of the human resource managers to have a policy that provides for workers safety and ensure such a policy is complied to at all times to avoid being in conflict with OSHA guidelines. Conclusion From the discussion above, it is important that human resources managers comply with labour laws as well as other legal requirements related to human resources in order to ensure employees work in a conducive environment. This will also allow all parties to realize and understand the limitations of their work as well as gain knowledge about legal departments in their business sectors. The understanding of the legal environment will also help human resources managers to concentrate on matters that are pertinent to the growth of business rather than wasting time in court battles related to violation of labour laws (Ulrich and Brockbank, 2005). The discussion above has looked into the discrimination issues encountered in work places, which are based on the grounds of gender, sex, color, nation of origin and age; this should be addressed effectively, as labour laws prohibit any form of discrimination and terms it as an offence. In addition, people living with disability should never be discriminated against in accordance with the Equal Employment Opportunity Act. Various legislations related to human resources include the Civil Rights Act, Family Act, Equal Employment Opportunity Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act and.Pregnancy Discrimination Act among others. All these legislations have special regulations that managers are required to comply with at all times in order to ensure that they provide proper working conditions to all their employees. References Holton, F.E., Trott, J. (1996). Trends toward a Closer Integration of Vocational Education and Human Resources Development. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 12 (2), 36-39. Jonathan, E. D. (2010). The Changing Environment of Professional HR Associations. London: Cornell center for advanced human resource studies. Thompson, J. D. (2011). Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory. New York: McGraw Hill. Ulrich, D., Brockbank, W. (2005). The HR Value Proposition. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Walsh, D. (2012). Employment Law Practice. NJ: Cengage Learning. This research paper on The Legal Environment of Human Resource Management was written and submitted by user Bennett Cabrera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Experts and Editors

Experts and Editors Experts and Editors Experts and Editors By Colin In a previous article we looked at generalisation as opposed to specialising in specific subject matter. We looked at the pros and cons of each, and it provoked a lot of feedback from our readers. One question that popped up involved the amount of knowledge one should attain in order to be considered a qualified expert on a topic. There are several routes that may be considered here. Academic Qualifications The first is via education, and the attainment of a recognised qualification. If you, as a freelance writer, followed the route of further education, whether straight from school or as a mature student, you may consider yourself knowledgeable in the theory of your subject. I say knowledgeable because in most cases what you have learned from the books hasn’t been put into practice in any real shape or form. For example, a student who went to university to learn about accounting may gain a Degree from their studies, but as most students find out when they start employment, it is not until they have to apply what they have learnt that they discover much of it wass only needed to pass the exams and get you in the door; the real stuff is learnt on the job. And it is here the term â€Å"expertly qualified† is truly gained. Being awarded a qualification is one thing, but having ten years hands on experience in the industry will truly make you an expert. Vocational Qualifications If your field happens to be in something more vocational, fly fishing for instance, gaining expert status is not as clear cut as it is in the academic world. Expert status could be claimed after many years of reading, studying, and absorbing the sport in every way possible; learning how to tie flies, the mechanics of casting, or the biology of fish. This is something that requires real devotion and a real love for the subject. In this respect, expert status is less arguable because it has been done willingly outside of a person’s need to survive. An editor who has someone like this on their books will do well. One thing all experts must have in common is the ability to write about their topics well, and write about them regularly. So it’s one thing being able to talk about your subject over and over, but writing new and unique articles every week or month requires a different set of abilities. Research In the life of the freelance writer though, nothing is as clear-cut as academic qualifications or vocational activities. In order to survive, the ability to turn your hand to new topics confidently and accurately is a valuable skill that most editors crave. One day you may be writing reviews on some books you have recently read, the next you may be asked to write about something you know nothing about. By the time you have researched the article through interviews, phone calls, gaining real-life experience of your own, cross-checked your information, written the first draft, researched it some more, and handed in the finished article, you may well find you can easily consider yourself an expert in that particular field. Carrying out solid research will not only gain you expert status, but it is also the route to longevity, well-paying writing gigs, and fruitful long term relationships with editors. Working with Editors Another question that popped up involved the question of the relationship between editors and writers, that is, who takes the credit for a book that has been heavily edited, and how much of the editor’s work finds its way into the text? Under normal circumstances the person who writes a book will be credited with the work, and have the copyright and moral rights assigned to them. An editor would not normally get any credit, unless for example, the book was an anthology or an auto-biography in which the editor helped to ghost write the book or play a large part in its writing. How much of an editor’s work finds its way into a book or article would depend on the individual editor’s style, and how much input is required. If a book or article requires a lot of editing, though, a writer should expect to be dropped from the payroll forthwith. It is up to the writer to create the work in the manner in which the editor has specified at the outset; major reworks at the editorial stage are not generally acceptable. There is a long standing argument in publishing about where the best books come from; a good editor or a good writer? The answer lies somewhere between, because a good editor should be able to get the best out of a writer without displacing their style. They should bond together and hit the same wavelength from concept to production. If a change of editor between book number one and the sequel occurs, one may end up with an entirely different book in style and format that may not sell as much as the first, assuming of course, that it did. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and Toes15 Great Word GamesUses of the Past Participle

Boeing

Boeing Essay TheBoeing 700s are very capable of handling duties in the commercial andmilitary world. The Boeing 700s are capable of handling many tasks in thecommercial and military world. With the introduction of the 707 in the latefifties to the most recent 777 in the early nineties the, 700s have dominatedthe commercial world for five decades. They are a line of aircraft that arecapable of handling many roles from basic civilian transport to various militaryneeds. They are the people movers of the 20th century. Each with a largecarrying capacity combined with the range of a jet aircraft they have moved morepeople longer distances than what was once thought possible. Boeing has trulyproduced some of the greatest aircraft in history. The various duties that the700s perform are quite extraordinary. It all started in the fifties. Therewas a growing demand for a commercial airliner that could move a greater numberof people farther and faster. The age of the jet engine still had not reached tocivili an transportation. There was still a fear of the jet because of lack ofreliability, but with the advancement of technology the jet engine now hadbecome more even reliable than the piston engine. The need for a jet enginepowered plane was growing. Airlines still were looking for a plane that couldcross the Atlantic Ocean without a refueling stop. The Lockheed Super Connies, apiston powered plane, were able to cross the Atlantic Ocean with out stopping onthe eastbound leg, but they had to stop in Gander, Newfoundland to refuel on thewestbound leg. The airlines desired a plane that could easily travel theAtlantic with out a stop. The piston engine just wasnt going to do it, thejet engine was the answer to the question. Boeing realized this and moved tolook for a design for a jet powered plane. At first Boeing was looking to modifyexisting aircraft with jet engines to perform the tasks. They quickly realizedthat they needed a whole new aircraft. The Boeing 707 was born. The first Boeing 707 was delivered to Pan America airlines in May of 1958 (Bauer, 218). Salesstarted out slow in fact the 707 almost died many times in its first coupleyears of existence. It wasnt until Boeing modified the 707 by increasing theoverall length, the wing span, and adding more powerful engines did the 707confirm its place in as a commercial transporter. With the new modifications the707 became a very capable aircraft, crossing the Atlantic Ocean became a routineaffair. With the introduction of the 707 transatlantic travel doubled in twoyears (Bauer, 195). Airlines profitability soared due to the new capabilitiesof the 707 presented. The 707 began a new era and improved the way people areflown. The 707 being the first major jet airliner saw many applications andvariations in its lifetime. There were thirteen variations of the 707, theyvaried in capacity, range, and speed (Wright,49). Each variation was designed tomeet a specific needs of an individual airline. Some 707s could carry alarg er capacity of passengers over a shorter distance, were as another variantcould carry fewer passengers over a longer distance. With all of thesevariations the 707 left little room for the Douglas DC-8 which was once thoughto be a major treat to Boeing. The 707 could meet any need of an airline; thisis one reason that made the 707 such a versatile aircraft and why it dominatedthe market. The 707 also saw plenty of action in uniform. Its most usefulapplication came in the way of the KC-135 Stratotanker. It was modified toperform in-flight refueling task for the United States Air Force. The 707 saw ahealthy lifespan as the KC-135, of the 735 units build in the early sixties 550still remain in service today (www.Boeing.com). The 707 also had the veryprivileged role of presidential transport. As Air Force One it started itscareer in 1962 and served seven Presidents. It was only to be replace by one ofits bigger brothers the Boeing 747. Another of one of its more interestingapplications w as that of the Vomet Come a modified KC-135 to make largein-flight arcs to provide a weightless environment to train NASA astronauts. READ: Joe jackson Essay Altogether the 707 and its derivatives saw many varied and interestingapplications. With the 707 fulfilling the needs for a long range jetliner therewas a demand by the airline industry for a short to medium range jet. A jet thatwas designed for short-range use would provide savings over a long-range jet andfaster travel times that were presently completed by prop driven planes. Boeingwent to the drawing boards and came out with the 727. When the 727 finally cameto production it came out with better performance that what was originallyplanned. As throughout Boeings history, its strong, patient, intenseengineering efforts had once more been the key (Bauer, 226). The 727 filledthe duty of short to medium range better than any other aircraft. It showed inthe sales and the 727 became at the time the most selling Boeing aircraft, butthat title would not remain very long. The Boeing 737 became the most sellingcommercial jetliner in the world. To date it has sold 3,158 units and there arest ill more on order (www.Boeing.com). Its primary role is short to medium rangepassenger transport. The 737 were to be a gradual replacement to the 727 and didso quite well, it became known as the Little Giant. The 737 also proved tobe a very rugged aircraft, with a kit add-on to the landing gears it made itpossible for the 737 to land on unimproved runways like a grass field or agravel runway. The 737 also were far superior in its ability to take off fromhigh altitude, short runways. These abilities made the 737 very versatile itcould link many areas that were unable maintain a modern airport that would havea paved runway (Bauer, 250). One key feature to the 737, which made it thesuccess it was, was the decision to make the plane six seats abreast. Douglaswas the main competition in the beginning has a plane that was five seatsabreast. Even with Douglass advantage in speed and range it could never matchthe seat per-mile cost the 737 gave. The single decision, which meant about a17inc h increase of diameter over the DOUGLAS DC-9, meant the success of the 737and the failure of the DC-9. Above: Comparison between the DC-9 and 737cross-sections. With the ruggedness of the 737 it sees several applications forthe Military. Its most widely used application is as a training aid for bothpilots and navigators. Pilots use the USAF designated T-43 737s as a flighttrainer for large cargo and transport aircraft. The 737 is a large aircraft butnot too large aircraft, it provides the perfect stepping stone for pilots intothe huge birds that are present in todays Air Force. It also providesnavigational training. Its wider design offers plenty of room for the traineesand their instructors. One T-43 has about 19 stations for its students (Minton,31). The T-43 provides a very accommodating learning environment for the flightstudents. The largest and most infamous member of the family is the Boeing 747,the Jumbo Jet. This is an aircraft that has changed commercialairliners forever. With its sheer size it put itself in a class of its own. The 747 offer a lower seat per-mile cost and a more efficient way fortransportation than any other aircraft. It can move more people and cargofarther and faster. The 707 brought jet transportation to people. The 747brought jet transportation to the everyday people (Norris and Wagner, 26). 747s have become the backbone of many airlines, in that they handle more peopleand cargo than any of their other planes. 747 not only provides a highlyefficient people mover it has also been a great improvement of cargotransportation. Some modified 747 have a large upward swinging door at the noseof the plane. This door allows for great ease in loading large cargo items. Boeing also offered the option of a side panel door for loading. This was mainlyused in the Combi 747; they were 747 they would transport people and cargoat the same time. The 747 also serve several roles in the Military. Most notablyis in the application of presidential transportation as Air Force One. The 747replace the 707 as Air Force One with great pride. With the increase in room andluxury the President hasnt had a better ride since. The 747 also found itselfthe solution to a rather large problem that is of the transportation of theSpace Shuttle. There really is no other way to transport the large orbiter thanstrapping it onto the top of a 747. NASA bought an ex-American Airlines 747 in1977 and has been using it ever since (Gilchrist, 61). By the late seventies the727 and 737 were showing their age. Boeing was unable to sell newly modifiedversions of the two aircraft and they soon realized that a whole new aircraftwas in need. The new aircraft did not come in the form of a sing le plane but intwo completely different airplanes that would pick up the slack in the short tomedium range jet planes. These planes would be the 757 and the 767. They wouldprove to be very qualified successors to the 727 and the 737 proving themselvesin both the commercial and military world. In fact the 767 came out ofproduction with great performance than what was original planned. Getting itinto service, getting it under our original cost estimates and one day early-Idont know how you can improve on that. And thats due to the great team atBoeing (Bauer, 320). The short to medium range jet had been modernized withincreases in performance of its capacity, speed, and fuel consumption. TheMilitary had their eye on the 767. It was as wide-bodied aircraft similar indimensions to the 737 and the wider body is what the Military saw mostappealing. One of the primary functions the 767 serves is in the AWACS (AirborneWarning and Control System) program. It is a 767 modified with a large cir culardisc on the top. The disc is composed of radars and antennas, it purpose is totarget and track targets from a long range, this information is thencommunicated to fighters on stand by. The body of the plane has a crew and alarge amount of computer equipment used in the process of determining targets. READ: Microsoft Essay SummaryBoeing has some more plans for the 767, Boeing see it a very capable candidatefor a tanker/transport variant that would provide in flight refueling andtransportation duties (www.Boeing.com). The last in the family is the 777, whichwere introduced, in the early nineties. It is a complete new generation ofaircraft with the complete integration of computers. The 777 has two mainvariants presently they are the 777-200 and the 777-300. Their main differenceis length and capacity, the 300 is about 33 feet longer and can hold about 70more passengers than the 200. Both will work to satisfy the different needs ofan airline. A newer version is in the works too. It is the 777-400 planned tohave even greater capacity that what is now present. The 777 should graduallyreplace the 747 as the large capacity long-range jet (www.Boeing.com). The 777are the plane of the future and will have many service roles in the commercialworld. The line of the Boeing 700 aircraft is undeniably a very versatile lineof aircraft. From the beginning they have dominated in commercial jet sales andfor good reason. Boeing has always made their aircraft with the utmost qualityand attention to detail. Boeing will test and test again until they get it rightand that shows in their products. The 700s serve any commercial and militaryneed placed on them. They have made long distant travel a comfort and a pleasureto many. It is hard to imagine what is would be like without Boeing. It is verysafe to say that commercial airline travel would simply not be at the samecaliber we find it today.

Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Relationship Management - Essay Example This revolution led to the renovation of a marketplace into marketspace, where businesses and communications were carried on not physically but virtually. But still many marketspaces faced a lot of problems in the field of virtual customer relationship management or CRM. Building relations with clients or suppliers virtually is very tough due to the trust factor, i.e. it is very hard for people (clients, suppliers, dealers, or people related to the e-business or marketspace) to trust somebody that they have never ever met. This used to be a very serious issue because this was one of the largest disadvantages that the e-commerce industry had faced, not only a disadvantage but slowly and slowly this became a setback for the industry. But eventually just as any problem that technology has faced in the previous centuries, this disadvantage for this industry is gradually being removed and more and more reliable ways to deal with the e-commerce industry are being fabricated. The term e-commerce had been originated in the late 1970’s. At that time the term e-commerce was introduced only for online transfer transactions such as data transfers, purchase orders, funds transfers and codes transfers; that is, all the data transfer that was related to business and was done electronically was termed as e-commerce. (e-commerce land, 2007) E-commerce has surpassed itself from just being a technology, instead e-commerce or e-business is a whole new revolution in the marketing, CRM (Customer Relationship Management) and management industry. (CRM, better management.com) Since the beginning, e-businesses have proven to be a much better way to stay in contact with the consumers and to have a better approach towards the markets via creating virtual marketspaces and eliminating the geographical boundaries. These fresh techniques (e-business & marketspace) grew at a lightning pace because of their geographically

Can Nation States response to dealing with illegal drug trade ever be Essay

Can Nation States response to dealing with illegal drug trade ever be effective - Essay Example The governments are spending heavily on the war on drugs and terror, yet little can be determined a success. According to the NCA, the UK hosts a highly attractive illegal drug market, which the government’s organized crime strategy states that it costs the nation an estimated  £10.7 billion annually (n.d.). The effects of the drugs moving around the streets of the world’s nations without well-known linked sources remain a devastating issue for the societies, where most families involved with the crimes of trafficking or use of the substances flourish at the expense of others or waste their health in addictions. UK’s demand for illicit drugs, especially Class A consisting of heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, and ecstasy have a large market share; Matrix Knowledge Group (2007, p.11) earlier on revealed estimates as â€Å"300 importers, 3000 wholesalers and 70000 street dealers†. Countries like USA, Jamaica and UK are among well-established origins and routes linking the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, North and South America, where high demands for illegal drugs are found. The UK has adopted numerous policies and has been working in coordination with other foreign governments. The fact is that drug smuggling and associated crimes is quite a complicated issue that cannot be solved by one nation state. Rather, it requires collective intervention and policies by governments, NGOS and good will individuals to offer an effective solution in reducing drug smuggling and production. Edwards and Gills argue that through international collaboration, these bodies can â€Å"pursue policies that re duce opportunities for successful organized crimes† and break existing criminal conspiracies (2003, p. 15). Drug smuggling into the UK has in the past been perceived to occur through different methods. Criminals have proved capable of using various

Absorbance of light by a transition metal complex investigation Essay Example for Free

Absorbance of light by a transition metal complex investigation Essay Introduction Commonly known as transition metals, d block elements have partially filled d sublevels in one or more of their oxidation states. It is in the first row of transition elements that the 3d sub-level is incomplete. These d block elements show certain characteristic properties such as multiple oxidation states, ability to form complex ions, coloured compounds and good catalytic properties. In terms of variable oxidation states, d block elements usually have a +2 oxidation number which corresponds to the loss of the two 4s electrons (as it is easier to lose the 4s electrons than the 3d electrons). Transition metals can have variable oxidation states because the ionization energies allow for up to two 3d electrons to be lost. Because transition metals are relatively small in size, the transition metal ions attract species that are rich in electrons ligands (neutral molecules or negative ions that contain non-bonding pair of electrons which when covalently bonded with and form complex ions. Because the d orbitals usually split up into two groups (high and low) in transition metal complex ions, the energy required to promote a d electron into the higher split level corresponds with a particular wavelength in the visible region, which is absorbed when light passes through the complex ion. Transition metal usually then exhibits the remaining energy/light the complementary colour. In this investigation, the different absorbance of these coloured solutions will be investigated by varying the number of moles of the transition metal in the solution. According to the Beer-Lambert law, absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration and that there is a logarithmic dependence between the absorbance and the concentration of the substance, this relationship is as shown in figure 1 and 2. In the graph representation of the Beer-Lambert law, the logarithmic relationship can evidently be seen as the concentration of the solution increases, the calibration curve becomes less linear and more flat. This is probably due to the saturation of colour of the solution. In addition, the graph also indicates that the relationship starts at the origin and is generally linear at lower concentrations. In this investigation, Nickel (II) Sulphate will be used as the transition metal and H2O will be used as the ligand. The complex ion formed will therefore be a hexaaquanickel(II) complex ion, Ni (H2O) 6 2+. It has a coordination number of 6 and is of an octahedral shape. (Microsoft Encarta, 2007) Aim To investigate how the concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions (Ni (H2O) 6 2+) in solution affects the absorbance of red light (660nm) by measuring it with a colorimeter. Hypothesis As the concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions increases, the absorbance of red light1 will also increase. This is so because as stated in the Beer-Lambert law, the absorbance of light is directly proportional to the concentration. Furthermore, as the concentration increases, there are more molecules of the complex ions within the solution to interact with the light that is being transmitted hence an increased absorbance at higher concentrations. In addition, despite the logarithmic relationship, I expect my data to show a linear relationship instead because the number of moles I am measuring red absorbance against is rather low (maximum 0.5 moles), so while it would be insufficient to see the clear logarithmic curve; the linear increase in the beginning would still be evident. Variables Independent Concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions (0.0313mol, 0.0625mol, 0.125mol, 0.250mol, 0.500mol) Dependent Absorbency of red light (660nm) Controlled Volume of solution (25cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ per different mol solution) Equipment Method 1) Measure 6.57g of nickel sulphate with an electronic balance and place in a 250cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ beaker 2) Measure 50cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of deionised water with 50cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ measuring cylinder and pour into the 250cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ beaker with the nickel sulphate to create a 0.5mol nickel sulphate solution 3) Mix the solution thoroughly with a glass stirring rod, make sure the solution is transparent (not murky) and no remnants of the nickel sulphate should be present in the solution 4) Label the five 50cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ volumetric flasks: 0.03125mol, 0.0625mol, 0.125mol, 0.25mol and 0.5mol 5) Pipette 25cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of the previously made nickel sulphate solution from the 250cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ beaker and place into volumetric flask labeled 0.5mol 6) Pipette another 25cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ from the beaker and place into volumetric flask labeled 0.25mol 7) Measure and pipette 25cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of deionised water and add into 0.25mol 8) Mix thoroughly 9) Measure and pipette 25cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ from 0.25mol and add into 0.125mol 10) Repeat steps 7 to 8 but add the water into 0.125mol 11) Measure and pipette 25cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ from 0.125mol and add into 0.0625mol 12) Repeat step 10 but add into the water 0.0625mol 13) Measure and pipette 25cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ from 0.0625mol and add into 0.0313 mol 14) Repeat step 10 but add into the water0.0313mol 15) Connect the PASPORT colorimeter to the computer 16) Select to measure red (660nm) absorbance 17) After all five solutions have been made, label five cuvettes the same labels as the volumetric flasks (place on lid, careful not to have any of the label on the cuvette itself) 18) Fill each labeled cuvette with its corresponding volumetric flask label with a dropper 19) Fill the remaining unlabeled cuvette with water 20) Place the cuvette with water into the colorimeter and press green button to calibrate, do not do anything until the green light switches off by itself 21) Place the cuvette labeled 0.03125mol into the colorimeter press start and stop after getting a constant reading 22) Record the data 23) Repeat steps 21-22 until all labeled cuvettes have been measured for red absorbance Data Table Concentration / mol dm-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Red light (660nm) absorbance Uncertainties Uncertainties (cm3) Measuring cylinder à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.0cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Bulb pipette à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.06 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Electronic weigh à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01g Concentration (mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) Uncertainty Graphs Discussion and Conclusion It can be seen from the graph that there is a linear relationship between the amount of red light absorbed and the concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions. It can also be deduced that as the concentration increases, the red light absorption increases at twice the rate. However, it is interesting to note that the line of best fit does not start at the origin, but at (0, 0.0623) as the equation derived from the line of best fit states, suggesting that despite showing a clear linear trend, my data is precise but not accurate. This is possibly due to equipment imperfection, for example the cuvette, which will be discussed in the evaluation. However, it is still evident that, as stated in my hypothesis, as the concentration increases, the chances of light interacting with the complex ion molecules also increase, hence yielding a higher light (red, in this case) absorption. While it is true that the Beer-Lambert law states the relationship between concentration of a substance and its absorbency has a logarithmic relationship, my data is linear because the concentrations of my tested solutions were rather low, so if I were to continue my experiment and create more concentrated nickel sulphate solutions, I would expect to see the curve become non-linear as concentration increases because the solution will eventually become saturated. Therefore, in conclusion, my hypothesis corresponds with the results: the relationship between red absorbance and concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions is quite clear as the concentration increases, the red absorbance also increases. Evaluation One aspect I can improve my method is using the same cuvette and in the same direction each time for measuring all the different solutions, as it has been noted that the cuvettes we have been currently using are not perfectly constructed and may differ with the distance as light passes through. This will help improve the accuracy of the results and an important aspect to take into consideration, because also stated in the Beer-Lambert law, the length in which the light passes through also makes a difference in the absorption of light (the longer the container is, the more chances of light interacting with the molecules of the solution). Another aspect was in the preparing the different solutions, because I had diluted each solution using the same solutions from before, so the uncertainty of each would naturally continuously build up (final uncertainty of 4.31%) for example, if I had accidentally created a 0.052 mol nickel sulphate solution, then the next solution I diluted from that solution would not be 0.025 mol as intended. One way to see through this limitation is to perhaps prepare each solution separately to avoid a build up of uncertainties. In addition, another way to make this investigation more conclusive and detailed could be increasing the different amounts of concentration of the nickel sulphate solution, as I only had 5 different concentrations. Bibliography Clark, J. (2007). The Beer-Lambert law. In Absorption spectra. Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/uvvisible/beerlambert.html Microsoft(r) Encarta(r) Online Encyclopedia. (2007). Complex. Retrieved January 17, 2008, from http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781538720/Complex.html Neuss, G. (2007). Determining the concentration of an element. In Chemistry course companion (p. 276). Oxford University Press. 1 Because nickel sulphate solution is green in colour, red light will be used to measure the absorbency of the solution as it is the complementary colour.

Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Essay -- essays research papers

Everyone is embedded with things that make them unique. As individuals we each bring soemthing new, creative, and different to the table. This brings to to discuss personal strengths and weaknessess within myself and my everyday living. Personal strengths are areas where we tend to excel, and seem to express above average. Personal Weaknesses to me are areas where we would like to excel but seem to still need improvement. If I can, let me share with you my strengths and weaknesses and see how they effect my everyday being.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lets begin with my personal strengths. To me these are areas where I think I excel and have the most experience. Being an effective communicator is one of the best traits that I think a person can carry. Effective communication consists of being able to speak clearly and professionally, while being knowleadgeable at the same time. I also have to ensure that the message that is being communicated is easy to understand and that my message covers all the facts and pertinent information. Communication has become one of the key parts to being successful in work life and in my personal life. Communication is key to my marriage and any relationship that I build within a team, workplace, and even with my small child. Being an effective communicator is definetely a strong point for me. Possessing the skills to be a leader is also a bright area for me. I learned at an early age that I love to be in charge and that taking initiative to get things done has a very positive out look. Being that I have learned my limitations and what is best for me, I do better as a leader and not a follower. Being a leader takes an outgoing personality, and a person that loves to work an be around people. It also takes good decision making skills and the ability to work well under pressure sometimes. I am truly a people person and feel that I have the traits that it takes to lead a group to the moon if need be. Which leads me into being a team player. I believe that team work is always a great asset to any work or personal group and being a team player is one of my stronger attributes. Being a team player means being able to work well with others, to offer assistance to others in need, and to be very open to new ideas and other peoples opinions. Being a team player to me falls right into place with being a people person and being able to wo... ...d, the bad, and the indifferent I feel that overall I am a great person and that I have many great qualities. As with anyone I have areas that I would surely like to be stronger in but only time will tell. I am starting to realize that the only way that I can change my weaknesses into strong points is to accept the fact that I have troubles in these areas and that they need to be fixed. Observering how my behaviors and weaker points affect others and my lifestyle will help me to develop a plan to fix these weak points beneath the surface. I think that once a person sits back and evaluates what their personal strengths and weaknesses are then a positive self evaluation can be made. Just from putting this paper together I have evaluated some things about myself that I havent touched base with in a long time. A persons strengths and weaknesses help to make up who they are and no one person is alike. I think that it is always important to know who you are and what you are made of and what better way than to evaluate the things that you can attribute and also the things that you work on to possible make you a better person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

American Beauty 2

American Beauty Jessica Jackson (Thompson) Interpersonal Communication Alfred Wilfong November 19th, 2011 I chose to watch the movie American Beauty. I have seen this movie previously, and enjoyed watching it again. An interpersonal conflict that I identified in the movie was between Kevin Spacey’s character Lester and his wife Carolyn, played by Annette Bening. In chapter nine of our text, Daniel Dana suggested four factors that must be present for a disagreement to be considered a conflict: two parties are interdependent, both parties blame the other, on or more of the parties are angry or emotionally upset, and the parties’ behaviors are affecting their relationship with each other and others. (Dana, 2011) Carolyn was very ambitious and Lester was having what one would call a mid-life crisis. They both had very poor communication skills. Given they were married they were interdependent, they blamed each other for any and all issues in their relationship, they were both angry, and their behaviors were not only affecting their relationship with one another, but their relationship with their teenage daughter, who seemed to loathe her parents. They both handled their conflict differently. Carolyn began to have an affair with a business rival. Lester, after black-mailing his boss, takes a job at a fast food joint, starts lifting weights, and obsesses over his daughter’s friend. As I stated earlier they did not communicate well with one another. At dinner if they weren’t yelling at each other they were speaking to each other at all. Outside of intense couples therapy they needed to work on empathizing with one another. Lester should have told his wife about being laid off, and they could have worked through that trial together. Carolyn should have never had an affair, and instead expressed her frustration with Lester and they could have worked through her frustrations, together. Their hostility and conflict was just growing in the movie. It never seemed to lessen. They had no positive feelings in their conflict as well. They usually responded to anger with anger or anger with silence. Lester, Carolyn, and their daughter need to communicate more effectively. They can do this by listening to one another needs, empathizing with one another, and responding effectively.

Economic Environment Essay

We aim to provide the public with an effective and cheap solution in cleaning their clothes. We carry this out with a Triple-Action Laundry detergent which has an anti-bacteria content that also leaves the clothes clean, good as new and scented. Target Market Our target consumers are between the ages of 11 and 60 who can wash clothes and are responsible in choosing laundry detergents to use (cited in Phil48Girl, 2010). Our customers are normally member of the household and wash their own clothes. We consider not only the mother but everybody who needs their clothes clean and fragrant without spending a lot. Direct Competitors There are several laundry detergent brand manufacturers. But, only some are real companies. There are solo individuals that are also marketing in small towns. However, our product will speak for itself as it is very effective, very gentle to clothes and with adorable scent. We will also apply a door-to-door marketing strategy to introduce our product directly to our customers that other companies haven’t tried before. Political-Legal Environment We will manage to prepare legal papers and permits allowing us to do our marketing and productions on each place to avoid illegal problems. Social-Cultural Environment Social Medias like TV and radio, as well as, social networking online using Facebook and Twitter will be used as leverage. Our customers are well exposed to such Medias. Economic Environment Our product is immune with the economic crisis as we are offering it in a very low cost. Our customers are flexible and not affected as they need our product regularly. Technological Environment Our productions are well supported with generators for incidental loss of electricity. We also maintain substitute equipments when the manufacturing system is down. Summary The above analysis is reasonably confident enough to enter the actual market. Introducing the Triple-Action Laundry detergent, that is very affordable in price. There is a maximum range of prospect consumers in the market as everybody needs our product. Strategic marketing will be imposed as the company aim to reach more customers by bringing the product directly to their homes. The company will maintain the brand name in legal processes and will reach more people through social Medias and computer technology. We are also flexible to adjust technically in terms of economic and technological problems once occured. The above is a list of actions which needs to be executed properly, as a marketing plan with no reverberation of tactical foundation is useless (cited in Wikipedia, 2010). Considering the analysis of the different environment in this report brings out what to do and what should not be done during the process. Careful manipulation and management requires cooperation and good leadership to accomplish the goal. References: More Business (2010, March 26) Sample Marketing Pla. March 26, 2010, from www. morebusiness. com/templates_worksheets/bplans/printpre. brc Phil48Girl (2010, March 26) How to Teach Your Children to Wash Clothes. March 26,2010 from http://www. ehow. com/how_4693877_teach-children-wash-clothes. html Wikipedia (2010, March 26) Marketing Plan. March 26,2010 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marketing_plan

Comparison Between Two political parties in Chile (PPD; PS) essays

Comparison Between Two political parties in Chile (PPD; PS) essays This project is based upon comparing two contemporary parties to each other, and then to the parties of Chile in the XIXth century. But before one can start to study this aspect, they must answer the question: "What is a political party?" By dictionary definition, the reply is: "An established political group organized to promote and support its principles and candidates for public office." We agree with this statement. A party is a gathering of people to promote their ideals and wishes in the government. Every party has it's leader and members, and is constantly in a battle to achieve presidency over the country. To do this they must gather support fom the people, oftentimes presenting them with statements that say that the people's wishes will come true, should the party rise to power. This incentive, of course, makes people vote. This project begins by analyzing both parties, in all their aspects; and then goes on to compare them to each other. Finally, we compare these parties to the parties in XIXth century Chile. Description of the Parties Being Compared The main principle of this party is to employ all forms of socialism in all aspects of society; maintaining that they have upheld socialism for all of their existence. They state that capitalism is a vile way of ruling a country; that it places "egotistical and separatist" thoughts in the minds of the people who they govern. This party aims to use democracy as a method of uniting all the aspects of society, to give them all a fair right to speak. They quote: "La democracia, para los socialistas, es el sistema polà ­tico que debe asegurar la convivencia entre los diversos componentes de la sociedad e inducir, por tanto, al desarrollo de los valores de la solidaridad y de la participacin ciudadana en todas las esferas de la vida social." This party claims that the economy of Chile is quite inneficient. According to their figures, for every 5% increase in produ...

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Human Resource Management - Essay Example As such, job analysis can be termed to be a component of planning where jobs are studied and analyzed to know the requisite characteristics and nature of the job. With the help of this information, competent and suitable candidates can be employed on that particular job (Ostwald 2003). Jobs make positions, positions make occupations and occupations transform themselves into organizational structure. As such, job analysis is the building block of not only human resources function, but also organizational behavior, structure and planning (Fig.1). Planning, recruitment, training and appraisal- all other HRM activities directly stem out from job analysis. Job analysis is actually a comprehensive data collection technique where some data relates to the job specifications and other pertains to the individuals. Thus, number of employee, characteristics of employees, nature and mode of training and objective appraisal of employees can be done only on the basis of job analysis. Evaluation of job- with the help of job analysis, relative worth of jobs is ascertained which in turn helps in determining the base compensation and relevance of the job in the organization. This proves to be an important criterion of cost cutting and cost saving activity for a firm. Employee development- when both the specifications of job and the individuals handling the job are determined in advance, it becomes easier to benchmark the performance levels and analyze the gaps. Moreover, specific areas of gap can be figured out which can then be resolved by using employee counseling and training sessions. Safety measures- process of job analysis is applied in all kinds of jobs be it technical, clerical or managerial. Therefore, it extends a bit beneficial in technical jobs where use of tools, machinery and equipments can give rise to hazardous conditions and unhealthy workplace environment. Job analysis tries to do away with

WAS BARRY GOLDWATER MISREPRESENTED BY THE MEDIA Research Paper

WAS BARRY GOLDWATER MISREPRESENTED BY THE MEDIA - Research Paper Example Media uses this phenomenon and controls us in many ways, as to how we remember events and people, thus effectively shaping our opinions. The power of media to shape opinions has always been lucrative to politicians. Consequently what the media shows us may not be the reality as portrayals and images sometimes lie in the category of paid-content, which is of course unreliable. Great leaders and politicians have always been a target for the media’s strident and harsh remarks. Barry Goldwater, â€Å"a five-term U.S. senator from Arizona and a champion of conservatism whose 1964 presidential candidacy who launched a revolution within the Republican Party† (Barnes, â€Å"Barry Goldwater†), is one victim herein. During that era he was also known as Mr. Conservative for his articulate, blunt and charismatic approach in political dealings. Politicians and leaders all over the globe still admire him for his values and have set him as a benchmark for themselves. This resea rch paper aims to briefly show how and why the media misinterpreted Barry Goldwater. Liberals during the 60’s had left no stone unturned to term Barry Goldwater as a racist and to tarnish his image in public but Goldwater stood as a man of principle and courage. He fought back to each and every allegation that was pointed towards him. It might be not be an overstatement to suggest that he had more enemies than friends but despite this fact, his political career had always been applauded. And even at this present day, it remains as interesting as it was back in the 60’s. To begin with, the first thing that needs discussion is his presidential elections in 1964 in which he had to face a crushing defeat by 16 million votes from Lyndon B. Johnson. Many factors contributed towards this but the most important of all was the misrepresentation of Barry Goldwater’s persona by the liberals. Moreover, the assassination of John F. Kennedy also contributed to his defeat, as it was discovered that he has been shot dead by someone with a Goldwater sticker on his forehead. So heartbroken was Goldwater at that time that he gave out a blunt statement, which further added to his criticism, i.e. â€Å"This is a great country, where anybody can grow up to be president...except me† (â€Å"Barry Goldwater†). Liberals were the actual culprits who misinterpreted him through media but in actuality, he was a staunch conservative with strong and practical thoughts, which if implemented, could have out casted the liberals. In the presidential elections of 1964 he was stereotyped as a nuclear war monger by the media. This was reinforced again and again by airing a television ad where a child was shown picking daisies counting down each petal till it reached one and then an atomic bomb exploding into a mushroom cloud with an announcer announcing in the background that these are the stakes so better vote for Johnson. By using tactics such as these, Goldwate r was highly misrepresented. Initially the liberals termed him as a racist because they said that he was a segregationist who would not allow equality and would not give an equal standing to every individual in the country. It all began when he insisted that he would vote for the approval of 1964 civil rights act if and only if section 2 on equal employment opportunity was removed. From then onwards, started a battle of allegations and misperceptions. People started calling him racist. They were aware

Government response to terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Government response to terrorism - Essay Example There have been numerous controversies surrounding legal definition of terrorism. Left-wing critics claim that use of a nation’s armed forces in crushing an opponent’s political progress amounts to terrorism. In this context, a ruling government which uses indiscriminate violence to destroy an opponent’s progress engages in terrorism. Apart from a ruling government, terrorism comprise of violent activities used by nationalists fighting an oppressive regime. In fact the late Nelson Mandela was once branded as a terrorist by the white government in South Africa. This means that these controversies undermine existence of a definite boundary between justifiable uses of violence for political progress. Fraser and Staniforth (2012) says that from a legal perspective, UK law defines terrorism as any act of violence that causes or threatens to cause indiscriminate loss of lives, property damage and create a serious risk to health and safety of the public. The UK governme nt takes any such form of violence which seeks to influence governmental institutions or the public as acts of terror. Terrorism is not new in Britain. In the last decade, British security forces arrested approximately 1800 people in connection to terror related cases. Most of these individuals arrested are British citizens involved or associated with accomplishing assistance roles in extremist activities. Demographics show that a substantial portion of those arrested are radical youth lured by perpetrators towards a path of violent extremism.

Overview of Symphony Orchestra and Wind Band as different Entities of Dissertation

Overview of Symphony Orchestra and Wind Band as different Entities of Music - Dissertation Example Some people think music is all around us and in everything that we do. There are those who also think collectively, music is a spice that gives the world its sweet piece of aroma and taste. But for however one perceives music, it could just be right to admit that there are thousands of factors that go into the creation and formation of music than mere coincidence. Music is actually created and this is what makes music an art. Talking about the creation of music, mention can be made of the different elements that come together to make the formation of music complete. One of such adorable elements that always stand out in the composition of music is ensembles. The kind of ensembles present and how they are used to form or create music also goes a long way to talk of the kind of music we have. Largely, the presence of different ensembles and how these are put to gather to create music would bring two major groups of music to bear and these two groups are symphony orchestra and the Ameri can wind band. There are many who have thought that because these two groups primarily end up in the creation or composition of music, there should actually not be any need differentiating them but that is technically not correct. (Forest, 2008). This research paper therefore tries to take a direct look at symphony orchestra and the American wind band in terms of practical musical issues that differentiate them and that account for reasons why composers make a choice between writing for orchestra or band. Difference in Instrumentation Instrumentation remains a major phenomenon in the discussion of the differences between orchestra and band. Typically, the instrumentation refers to the assembly of musical ensembles or instruments available to the two types of musical composition (Diamond, 2009). On a larger scale, orchestra is often thought to be with a standard instrumentation; a concept that is largely absent in the American wind band. Without implying that a band does not need all the ensembles in an orchestra to function, a band, can well function without a fraction of most of the ensembles that are needed in a typical orchestra. For this reason, orchestra is generally seen as a more standardized instrument based outfit than a band. This is very much because unlike a band, an orchestra can just not function properly in the absence of most of the so called standard instrumentations. In the count of ensembles rather than individual players on a band and an orchestra therefore, it would be true to say that an orchestra is a larger musical outfit than a band. It would also be true to say that an orchestra is a well organized musical outfit than a band. There are some music historians who even believe that in terms of differences in instrumentation, an orchestra is a more professional body of music than a band. Young Composers (2008) for instance writes that â€Å"â€Å"Wind Band" is a large ensemble consisting of many woodwinds, brass, and percussion.† He further states that â€Å"a "Wind Symphony" could be considered a larger or more technically skilled ensemble, with additional instruments, more players, and with a repertoire more difficult, expansive, and varied.† Organization There exist major differences between orchestra and band that result from their organization on a typical musical stage. Given a very typical musical show, the kind of technical organization that will take place within the orchestra is totally different from what will be experienced for a band. Most often than not, the differences in organization emanate from differences in instrumentation. As it has been indicated earlier, the types of instrumentation used in orchestras are totally different

Strategic Essentialism In Reducing Gender Inequalities Sociology Essay

Strategic Essentialism In Reducing Gender Inequalities Sociology Essay A position of strategic essentialism is important in ensuring that gender inequalities are reduced. Discuss with reference to the evolution of feminist theory and action in the Global South. A central issue in feminist debates over essentialism is whether there are any shared characteristics common to all women that unify them as a social group other than their biological and physiological predispositions. Many feminist theorists of the 1980s and 1990s (Scott, 1988; Fraser, 1989; Spelman, 1990) rejected essentialism on the grounds that human phenomena cannot be reduced to essentialist monolithic categories, and that universal claims about women presuppose an essential womanness (Spelman, 1990) that all women share, despite the racial, class, religious, ethnic and cultural differences among them, emphasizing instead questions of difference and identity. Essentialism was presumed to be a negative aspect of feminism: One use of a theory of discourse for feminist politics, then, is in understanding social identities in their full socio-cultural complexity, thus in demystifying static, single variable, essentialist views of gender identity. (Fraser, 1991, p. 99). To maintain that femininity predisposes women to certain (nurturing) jobs or (collaborative) styles of work is to naturalize complex economic and social processes and, once again, to obscure the differences that have characterized womens occupational histories. An insistence on differences undercuts the tendency to absolutist and essentialist categories. (Scott, 1988, p. 47). At the same time, an anti-anti-essentialist argument was raised (Stone, 2004), arguing that anti-essentialist claims denied women the motivation to work together as a collectivity. Within this current, strategic essentialism has been an influential strand. While it recognizes that essentialism is descriptively false as it denies the real diversity of womens lives and social situations, it defends essentialist claims in the sense that they are politically useful (multilateral organizations such as the United Nations tend to treat women as if they comprise a unitary group) and socially influential. This argument is especially relevant regarding (womens) social movements, which many believe require a deep notion of shared position and identity. Oppressed groups can deploy essentialism strategically as it enables them to organize common forms of identity and sustain a sense of solidarity. Throughout this essay I will use case studies from the Global South to argue that the emphasis on co mmonalities is especially useful when tackling gender inequalities, but that the possible solutions must adapt to local conditions (taking into account a countrys history and culture), and that the ideological neoliberalism has played an important role in fragmenting the representation of women as a homogenous unit of analysis. Mohanty (1998) argues that western feminist scholarship has produced an image of third world women as a homogeneous and powerless group, often represented as victims of particular socio-economic systems (women as victims of war crimes, women as refugeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦), on the basis of a shared oppression. The focus should instead be on the common differences (the common experience of social exclusion, for instance) as the basis for solidarity and collective mobilization, which are achieved through an active engagement with diversity. Issues like poverty and (gender) inequality require collective bargaining despite the involvement of actors polarized along caste, class, gender, linguistic and ethnic lines (Emmerij et al, 2009), as is the case in the case study that follows. The Sangtin (literally meaning friendship in Awadhi, a language spoken in parts of Uttar Pradesh) writers, a group of seven female village-level NGO activists from the hierarchical state of Uttar Pradesh, in India , put forward a collective critique against institutional patriarchies, thus enacting a politics of solidarity among themselves, despite the differences within womens collectives the activists come from diverse caste and religious backgrounds. Their critiques are directed at Nari Samato Yohana (NSY), a donor-funded NGO and a World Bank Initiative that works to empower poor rural women. The writers highlight the paradoxes of NGO politics as these organizations can be both empowering in theory (through the encouragement of grassroots activism) and elitist in practice (in the form of donor-driven priorities and evaluations). They analyze processes of hierarchical character of donor-driven womens empowerment organizations that often disregard rural womens knowledge and expertise. Womens NGOs in Uttar Pradesh are being increasingly pressured by funding agencies, which attach no value to grassroots work until that work is measured by the standards of the funders. Furthermore, these NGOs that are aiming to empower poor women in rural communities are staffed and dominated by Hindu and upper-caste grassroots workers, while rural-based, less formally educated workers find themselves at the margins of institutional spaces, with little say on the running of the organization (Nagar Sangtin Writers, 2006). More generally, the activists challenge the popular perception that NGOs are potential agents for diffusing development and enabling empowerment, because hierarchical processes within NGOs can impede their stated goals of empowerment, class differences reinforced through the hierarchical structures of NGOs (male- and upper-caste-dominated). Thus, the Sangtin writers are not mere victims of the hierarchical processes as Mohanty would argue they are represented by some western feminist texts as they resist and challenge. The role of global initiatives and institutions in addressing gender inequalities is significant. Although the UN Decade for Women and the four global womens conferences held in Mexico, Copenhagen, Nairobi and Beijing between 1975 and 1995 did not find as much common ground between women worldwide as anticipated, the conferences elevated gender equality to the center of the global development agenda and internationalized the issue of womens equality (unless development is engendered, it is endangered). The consensus was that women should lead development rather than the earlier view, in which women were seen as being affected positively or negatively by economic development policies, and were integrated into the development process as victims. Both views, however, assume that all third world women have similar problems and needs. Despite this shift in the development discourse that has moved women from the periphery to the center and acclaimed them as the holders of solutions to glob al problems, the poverty of the worlds women has increased and intensified. Global economic and political processes (i.e. globalization) have exacerbated economic, racial and gender inequalities. Jain (2005) points to a restlessness within the womens movements that has led to a partial failure of the movement to reach the next stage of development. Differences of location, race, class, sexuality, and religion have at times been emphasized at the expense of the commonalities that can build strength to move forward. It is important to emphasize, however, that the existence of gender inequalities have radically different, historically specific explanations as the next case studies will show. Thus, superficially similar situations cannot be treated as identical. Furthermore, as Lourdes Arizpe argues, the construction of gender in every society is a cultural phenomenon. The way in which these differences are constructed will depend on the culture of every society, and it is through the use of cultural analysis that gender inequalities can be understood (Arizpe, cited in Jain, 2005). The case studies (based on Chant McIlwaine, 1998) involves analyzing the challenges women face in two very different countries Malaysia and Zimbabwe and to specifically see how gender inequalities need to be tackled and addressed in each case. On one hand, Malaysia has experienced high levels of economic growth in the last few decades, mainly due to export-oriented industrialization. It is an ethnically heterogeneous and pluralistic society. Social indicators reflect relatively high levels of human development, but when these are differentiated by gender it appears that men have made greater gains than women in most areas. The adult literacy rate among women is 75.4% compared with 87.8% among men. In terms of political participation, in 1994 women represented only 10% of seats at local and parliamentary levels and 7% of ministerial posts. Employment opportunities have increased and diversified in the context of rapid industrialization, but the ethnic Malay have been granted preferential access to opportunities. On the other hand, Zimbabwe is an ethnically homogenous country, in a transition from a white-dominated British colony to a democratic black republic. Although the government has focused on post-colonial restructuri ng and nation-building, gender issues have not been entirely sidelined. Women were of significant importance in the liberation war for Zimbabwe, by proving food, shelter, clothing and paramedical and intelligence services. Their active participation led to the new independence government to take active steps towards gender equality by setting up, in 1981, a Ministry for Community Development and Womens Affairs (MCDWA). Zimbabwe is still a predominantly rural country, with only 30% of its population residing in urban areas in 1992, and remains a patriarchal society. In the case of Malaysia, womens issues are then seen through the lens of political representation, and addressing gender inequalities should be put in the context of ethnic inequalities. A specific solution would be to introduce quota systems to increase the number of women in political office and to enable women to fully participate in and influence decision-making. In the case of Zimbabwe, land access for women is a maj or problem given the patriarchal nature of society where most of the land parcels are owned by men. As such, land redistribution should be incorporated into the debate on how to reduce gender inequalities. A countrys history, culture and ethnic diversity, among others, should be taken into account when addressing gender inequalities, because while women might share a common experience of oppression -whether in Malaysia or Zimbabwe the specific policy measures needed will vary significantly. Women in the Third World have had to bear the brunt of globalization this is not an essentialist claim, but a generalization based on statistical evidence. Poor women are hardest hit by the degradation environmental conditions, wars, famines, privatization of services and the dismantling of welfare states (Mohanty, 2003). The structural adjustment programs many poor countries have had to adapt in order to receive loans from the international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have disproportionately squeezed women out of public sector employment, for example. Amy Linds (2002, 2003) research on Ecuador, however, challenges monolithic and globalized representations of women as victims of the globalization process, which have been made more difficult by a shift to neoliberalism and local women organizations most of which of a working-class and rural in nature becoming the new targets of development policy. Since the early 1980s successiv e Ecuadorian governments have received loans and implemented IMF/World Bank inspired structural adjustment programs (SAPs), which have had gendered impacts in the economy. These neoliberal policies affect women differently, the impact of which depends largely upon womens class, race, ethnicity and geographical location. As stated above, women in general have tended to lose out in this process, but this is particularly true for poor, rural indigenous women. Some women (especially women working within the state) have gained as a result of privatization policies and decentralization. Neoliberalism has had two opposing effects. On the one hand, it has provided the framework under which diverse political movements and actors have converged to challenge and reflect dissatisfaction with the neoliberal economic model and the lack of democratic progress under Abdalà ¡ Bucaram Ortizs presidency. A visible womens movement emerged as women activist in political parties, NGOs, rural and community based organizations, in political parties and in human rights organizations became increasingly frustrated with their marginalized roles under the new politico-economic system. They all invoked a form of strategic essentialism in an attempt to challenge the state and remake the nation in order to give women a greater voice in state policy affairs, and participated in the national strike leading up to President Ortizs removal from office. At the same time that women (as a unitary group) were rising to challenge President Ortizs policies, neoliberalism has exacerbated the differenc es between the women movements and fractured them. In the neoliberal context, economic and social disparities between women working with the state (state feminists) and poor, rural indigenous women who are the targets of state policies have become more apparent. This may contribute to a further fragmentation of a unified feminist movement, Lind (2003) argues, which is now characterized more by separate struggles than by any unified notion of a social movement, in the process of becoming a remnant of the past. Since neoliberalism positions women as clients for the states resources they are positioned in competition with each other for such resources. In short, while there is overlap between all the feminist strands, there is growing disagreement between feminist policy makers and activists regarding where women fit in the development arena, and whether there speak with a single, or multiple, fragmented voices. In conclusion, essentialist and anti-essentialist positions are located at the extreme ends of a spectrum. Addressing inequalities from these extremes does not represent a viable position. In order to move away from the essentialist/anti-essentialist dichotomies it is important to understand women not as completely different from each other, and at the same avoiding to assimilate them into a single dominant identity. Therefore, we need to look to the middle ground between essentialism and gender skepticism to find ways of talking about women that neither do violence to our diversity, nor represent us as inconsolably different (Heyes, 2000). Furthermore, women should neither be portrayed as victims to be rescued or heroines that hold the key to lift their countries and communities out of poverty. These extreme stances do not help in understanding the solutions that are needed to address women discrimination and inequalities. It seems that the best way forwards is for the struggle for gender equality to be channeled at various levels and through a variety of initiatives from the involvement of local womens groups, to NGOs at local, regional and international levels, governments and multilateral institutions and by not homogenizing their experiences. There will always be a framework of collective solidarity through which women can address the issue of gender inequality. Word count: 2302